What does this mean? That irrespective of status or position on the team (i.e., whether nurse, social worker, or surgeon), all members feel safe to raise concerns, offer opinions, challenge views, and disagree even about a patient that isn’t “theirs.” Not only should team members be encouraged to voice their views and feel safe about doing so, but that they will not suffer professionally for their views by not getting raises or promotions and the like. Psychological safety doesn’t just emerge in a team; it has to be  learned and built upon so that it becomes part of the team’s culture and way of being. Seems to me that without this in place, it would be really hard for doctors and teams to learn from mistakes. With all of the focus on clinician-patient interaction in medical education, how to be part of a team may be even more important and would likely improve clinician-patient interactions as well.